![]() Young women, constantly apprised of the rate of gender-based violence in their country, are losing patience with men. ![]() In the 21st century African feminism is changing – particularly in the South African context. Nawal El Saadawi’s intellectual life reflected eight decades of Arab society and culture Many rejected the name “feminism” and defined alternative movements such as womanism, Stiwanism, motherism, Umoja, nego-feminism and African womanism. They declared gender issues to be inextricably entangled with other systems of injustice and exclusion such as racism, colonialism and capitalism – what’s today defined as intersectional feminism. Though their thinking on gender was overwhelmingly binary, 20th-century African feminists insisted on the inclusion of men in every progressive crusade. With some justification, African gender theorists denounced western feminism as a form of cultural imperialism against which African traditions needed defending. It appeared in the 20th century as somewhat moderate, mostly positioning itself in opposition to western feminism. By contrast, African feminism is largely secular (not concerned with religion). ![]() ![]() Arab feminist theory is deeply implicated with patriarchal religious debate. ![]()
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